
••A bibliometric study shows SGES technology's evolution a. . AbbreviationsAA-CAES Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage BES Battery energy storage CAES Compressed air energy storage CAP-SG. . Energy storage technology can be classified by energy storage form, as shown in Fig. 1, including mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, chemical energy. . This section uses the bibliometric method to analyze the publications in SGES from a quantitative perspective. It mainly presents the evolution of the publication number, the research hotspot. . There are eight technical routes for SGES: Tower SGES (T-SGES) [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], Shaft SGES (S-SGES) [7], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], Piston SGE.

The earliest form of a device that used gravity to power mechanical movement was the , invented in 1656 by . The clock was powered by the force of gravity using an mechanism, that made a pendulum move back and forth. Since then, gravity batteries have advanced into systems that can utilize the force due to gravity, and turn it into electricity for large scale energy storage.